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GRE ·93考题精选（十九）(1) |
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| GRE ·93考题精选（十九）(1) |
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作者：佚名 文章来源：不详更新时间：2006-5-30 12:37:04  |
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GLACIAL: COLD::
opaque : lucid
viscid: liquid
massive: lengthy
profound: deep
misshapen: flexible
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
冰冷的:寒冷的
模糊的:清晰的
粘的:液态的
巨大的:冗长的
深刻的，深奥的:深的
畸形的，丑陋的:灵活的
NEPOTISM : RELATIVE::
cronyism: friend
elitism: leader
narcissism: self
recidivism: criminal
jingoism: patriot
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
裙带关系:亲戚
任人唯亲:朋友
杰出人物统治论:领导
自恋:自己
累犯:罪犯
沙文主义:爱国者
LAW: CRIMINALITY::
ritual: orthodoxy
leadership: submission
consensus: factionalism
lesson : falsehood
rehabilitation : vacillation
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
法律，法则:犯罪
仪式:正统观念
领导阶层:恭顺服从
意见一致:小团体主义
教训:错误
恢复:踌躇不决(摇摆)
National character is not formally
considered by social scientists in
discussing economic and social
development today. They believe that
(5) people differ and that these
differences should be taken into account
somehow, but they have as yet
discovered no way to include such
variables in their formal models of
(10) economic and social development. The
difficulty lies in the nature of the
data that supposedly define different
national characters. Anthropologists
and others are on much firmer ground
(15) when they attempt to describe the
cultural norms for a small homogeneous
tribe or village than when they
undertake the formidable task of
discovering the norms that exist in a
(20) complex modern nation state composed
of many disparate groups. The situation
is further complicated by the nature of
judgments about character; since such
judgments are overly dependent on
(25) impressions and since, furthermore,
impressions are usually stated in
qualitative terms,it is impossible to
make a reliable comparison between the
national characters of two countries.
The author's main point in the
passage is that national character
is too elusive to merit attention
by anthropologists and other social
scientists.
is of greater interest to social
scientists today than it has been in
the past.
is still too difficult to describe
with the precision required by many
social scientists.
has become increasingly irrelevant
because of the complexity of
共7页: 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页
modern lift.
can be described more accurately
by anthropologists than by other social
scientists.
————————————————————————
答案：(C)
今天，当社会科学家在讨论经济和发展时，国民性格（national character）
并不被正式考虑在内。他们相信，人与人之间各不相同，这些差异应在某种程序上
予以考虑，但他们迄今为止还不曾揭示出任何方式，将此类可变性因素（varibles）
囊括到有关经济和社会发展的正规模式之中。之所以难以做到这一点，关键在于那
些被认为有可能界定不同国民性格的数据的性质。当人类学家和其他人试图去描述
一个小规模的同一性质（homogeneous）部落或村落的文化标准时，他们处在一种
要坚实得多的基础上。相对而言，当他们着手从事这样一个艰巨的任务，即去揭示
存在于一个复杂的、由许多彼此间毫无联系的群体所构成的现代单一民族的独立国
家（nation-state）时，他们就具备一个同样坚实的基础。这一种情形更是由于性
格判断的性质而进一步趋于扑朔迷离复杂化，因为这些判断过分依赖于印象；更进
一步而言，因为印象是以定性的（qualitative）措辞表述出来的；因此，要两个
国家的两种国民性格之间作出可靠的比较，这近乎不可能。
Given the information in the passage,
which of the following is NOT true of
modern nation-states?
They are complex.
They are heterogeneous.
They are of interest to social
scientists.
They lack cultural norms.
They differ from one another in
terms of national character.
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
今天，当社会科学家在讨论经济和发展时，国民性格（national character）
并不被正式考虑在内。他们相信，人与人之间各不相同，这些差异应在某种程序上
予以考虑，但他们迄今为止还不曾揭示出任何方式，将此类可变性因素（varibles）
囊括到有关经济和社会发展的正规模式之中。之所以难以做到这一点，关键在于那
些被认为有可能界定不同国民性格的数据的性质。当人类学家和其他人试图去描述
一个小规模的同一性质（homogeneous）部落或村落的文化标准时，他们处在一种
要坚实得多的基础上。相对而言，当他们着手从事这样一个艰巨的任务，即去揭示
存在于一个复杂的、由许多彼此间毫无联系的群体所构成的现代单一民族的独立国
家（nation-state）时，他们就具备一个同样坚实的基础。这一种情形更是由于性
格判断的性质而进一步趋于扑朔迷离复杂化，因为这些判断过分依赖于印象；更进
一步而言，因为印象是以定性的（qualitative）措辞表述出来的；因此，要两个
国家的两种国民性格之间作出可靠的比较，这近乎不可能。
It can be inferred from the passage
that the social scientists mentioned in
lines 1-10 would agree with which of the
following statements
I. It is extremely difficult to create models
that account for both economic and
social development
II. Models of economic and social
development would be improved by the
inclusion of adequate descriptions of
national character.
III it is important to supplement formal models
of economic and social development
with qualitative impressions of national
character.
I only
II only
III only
I and III only
II and III only
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
今天，当社会科学家在讨论经济和发展时，国民性格（national character）
并不被正式考虑在内。他们相信，人与人之间各不相同，这些差异应在某种程序上
予以考虑，但他们迄今为止还不曾揭示出任何方式，将此类可变性因素（varibles）
囊括到有关经济和社会发展的正规模式之中。之所以难以做到这一点，关键在于那
些被认为有可能界定不同国民性格的数据的性质。当人类学家和其他人试图去描述
一个小规模的同一性质（homogeneous）部落或村落的文化标准时，他们处在一种
共7页: 上一页 [1] 2 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页
要坚实得多的基础上。相对而言，当他们着手从事这样一个艰巨的任务，即去揭示
存在于一个复杂的、由许多彼此间毫无联系的群体所构成的现代单一民族的独立国
家（nation-state）时，他们就具备一个同样坚实的基础。这一种情形更是由于性
格判断的性质而进一步趋于扑朔迷离复杂化，因为这些判断过分依赖于印象；更进
一步而言，因为印象是以定性的（qualitative）措辞表述出来的；因此，要两个
国家的两种国民性格之间作出可靠的比较，这近乎不可能。
Which of the following best describes
the organization of the passage?
A problem is presented and reasons
for its existence are supplied.
A controversial view is presented
and evidence for its validity is supplied.
A hypothesis is presented and possible
means of verifying it are suggested.
A recent development is described and
then analyzed.
A dispute is summarized and one side
defended.
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
今天，当社会科学家在讨论经济和发展时，国民性格（national character）
并不被正式考虑在内。他们相信，人与人之间各不相同，这些差异应在某种程序上
予以考虑，但他们迄今为止还不曾揭示出任何方式，将此类可变性因素（varibles）
囊括到有关经济和社会发展的正规模式之中。之所以难以做到这一点，关键在于那
些被认为有可能界定不同国民性格的数据的性质。当人类学家和其他人试图去描述
一个小规模的同一性质（homogeneous）部落或村落的文化标准时，他们处在一种
要坚实得多的基础上。相对而言，当他们着手从事这样一个艰巨的任务，即去揭示
存在于一个复杂的、由许多彼此间毫无联系的群体所构成的现代单一民族的独立国
家（nation-state）时，他们就具备一个同样坚实的基础。这一种情形更是由于性
格判断的性质而进一步趋于扑朔迷离复杂化，因为这些判断过分依赖于印象；更进
一步而言，因为印象是以定性的（qualitative）措辞表述出来的；因此，要两个
国家的两种国民性格之间作出可靠的比较，这近乎不可能。
One of the simplest and best known
kinds of crystal is the ionic salt,
of which a typical example is sodium
chloride, or ordinary table salt. The
(5) fundamental components of an ionic
salt are ions: atoms or molecules
that have become electrically charged
by gaining or losing one or more
electrons. In forming sodium chloride,
(10) for example, sodium atoms give up an
electron (thereby becoming, positively
charged) and chlorine atoms gain an
electron (thereby becoming negatively
charged). The ions are attracted to
(15) one another by their opposite
charges, and they stack together
compactly, like tightly packed spheres.
Recently, scientists at Michigan
State University created a new kind
(20) of crystal called an electride. In
electrides,the anions (negative ions)
are completely replaced by electrons,
which are trapped in naturally formed
cavities within a framework of regularly
(25) stacked cations (positive ions).
Electrides are the first examples
of ionic salts in which all these
anionic sites are occupied solely
by electrons.
(30) Unlike other types of
共7页: 上一页 [1] [2] 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页
anions,anionic
electrons do not behave as if they
were simple charged spheres. In
particular, because of their low
mass and their tendency to interact
(35) with one another over great distances,
they cannot be "pinned down" to any
one location. Instead, they wander
close to and among the atoms lining
the cavity and interact with electrons
(40) in nearby cavities, perhaps changing
places with them.
The properties of an electride depend
largely on the distance between the
cavities that hold trapped electrons.
(45) When the trapped electrons are far
apart, they do not interact strongly,
and so behave somewhat like an array
of isolated negative charges. When
they are closer together, they begin
(50) to display properties associated with
large ensembles of identical particles.
When they are still closer,the ensemble
properties dominate and the electrons
"delocalize":they are no longer tightly
(55) bound within individual cavities but
are more or less free to pass through
the spaces within the frame-work of
positive ions.
By synthesizing electrides from a
(60) variety of materials, one can vary
the geometry of the anionic cavities
and their relation to the surrounding
cations. The resulting properties may
make it possible for electrides to
(65) become a basis for economically useful
new materials and devices.For instance,
because the electrons in some electrides
are very weakly bound, these crystals
could be effective as photosensitive
(70) detectors, in which an impinging photon
liberates an electron, resulting in a
small electric current. The same weak
binding could also make electrides
useful in solar-energy converters
(75) and as cathodes in batteries. One
obstacle is the tendency of electrides
to decompose through reaction with air
and water. Researchers are seeking ways
to increase their stability.
The passage is primarily concerned
with discussing
a way to isol[1] [2] 下一页
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