对于托福，我是从一个菜鸟起步的，得益于众多网友的帮助。对于和我一样正在为托福奋斗的朋友们，我share一下我的真题语法笔记，希望也尽自己的一点微薄之力。祝大家美梦成真！
1. ( )Elijah Mccoy’s invention of the lubricating cup in the early 1870’s machinery had to be stopped in order to be lubricated.
A before B. when C. while D. lately
* select A. 空格后是名词性短语，不是句子，故用介词而非连词。只有before is prep.
2. Their keen senses of hearing and smell have made some types of dogs ( ) in hunting and tracking and as security guards.
A. of the value B. as valuable C. are valued D. valuable
* Answer is D, make sth +adj is fixed.
3. Sherwood Anderson’s novel McPherson’s Son, ( ), first appeared in 1916.
A. a restless young ran who strives for better things is concerned.
B. is concerned with a restless young man who strives for better things.
C. concerned with a restless young man who strives for better things,
* Answer is C. 句子主谓完整，在主谓间用两个逗号隔开的只能是同位语或后置定语，C为分词短语作后置定语；A为名词性短语，但前面是书名非人名。
4. another 后接单数n. other 可接复数n.
5. Once a teacher of French and Spanish, the writer Maya remaining strongly committed to the goals of foreign language education.
* B is wrong. Change “remaining” to “remained”, remain 是半系动词。
6. one of the +最高级+ 名词复数
Eg. One of the largest groups of butterflies.
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7. various culture--- various cultures.
8. Many English ( ) were opposed to the American Revolution of 1776 moved to Canada, where they were known as United Empire Loyalists.
A. settling there B. they settled
C. who were settlers D. settlers who
* Answer is D. 谓语V是moved, 句子缺主语，且主语后接从名是有谓语而缺主语及连接词，应在答案中选择名词+从句连接词形式。即D
9. “cause sth sb to do” is fixed.
the least/most+分词/形容词/副词
the first+名词+（ever）to do
10. The science of horticulture, ( ) the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences.
A. and which B. in which C. which is D. which
* Answer is B. 空格后的从句主谓语俱全，所缺连接词并不兼做从句主语、宾语或定语，应是作状语或与介词构成短语作状语，应选择副词或介词+代词的形式，答案中无副词，故选B。要点：当空格后的从句主、谓、宾俱全时，选择连接词时应首先考虑介词+which的形式。
11. Dreaming is a distinct and necessary part of sleeping, usually it characterized by the occurrence of rapid eye movement.
* C is wrong. 被动语态。划线后紧跟by, 应注意此处是否应为被动语态。 Correct is “ usually it is characterized.”
12. Sea turtle hatchlings sleep afloat at the surface of the water not adults tend to sleep far below the surface.
* B is wrong. 连词。本句由两个分保存构成，相互之间为对比关系。Not是副词，不有用来连接句子，可改为while (然而)。
13. The novel or short story are the literary forms most typically&n
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bsp;called fiction.
* A is wrong. 主谓数的一致、连词。系动词为are, 说明主语应是复数的。而两个单数的名词用or连接时。仍为单数，只有用and 连接才成为复数。应改为and. 要点：and /but / or 划线时，要首先考虑。
14. various 是adj.
a variety of + n
15. Deciduous trees are those that shed all or nearly all of its leaves each year.
* C is wrong. 代词/数的一致。Its 是单数，此处代词指代的是复数trees, 应为their. 注意Nearly all 是对的。
16. The same molecular orderliness that makes crystals so easy to analyze mathematically makes them difficult using in the laboratory or the factory.
* D is wrong. Make +宾语+ adj +to do 是固定短语。
Add: Make +宾语+ 宾补，宾补只能是adj or n（词组）。
17. The cost of preparing and harvesting an acre of field corn is extremely high even though in the best of weather.
* D is wrong. Even though & even 的区别。Even though为连词后接从句，even是副词，后可接介词短语。
18. One of Phillis Wheatley’s earliest verses, composed in her teens, celebrates learning, redemption, and virtue, three principal themes of her work subsequent.
* D is wrong. 词序。 单个形容词修饰名词时，应放在名词前， 不能后置，应为 subsequent work.
19. on horseback 在马背上，骑马。 用on.是固定表达。
20. The basis concepts of systems engineering have been in use for centuries.
* A is wrong. 词性。Basis 是名词，而修饰concepts 应用形容词basic. 要点：base ,basic, basis的区别。
21. still more 是固定短语。 More still 是错的。
22. 固定短语: be responsible for.
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be elected to +职务
at age+数词，“当多少岁时”
23. the first +n +从句或to do 是固定用法。
24. ( ) of staging a play that help the help the audience understand its structure and meaning.
A. Specific aspects B. When specific aspects
C. Specific aspects are D. There are specific aspects
* Answer is D. there be 结构。句中有that 引导的从句，说明前面应是主句。主句只剩介词短语，应在答案中选择主谓结构或there be 组成句子。C 系动词are与介词短语相联，语意不同。
25. ( ) depends on the density of both the object and the water.
A. An object floats whether or not B. Whether or not an object floats
C. Floating an object whether or not D. Whether or not a floating object
*Answer is B. 名词主从/主语。空格后depends为谓语动词，所缺为主语或主从，B为whether or not 引导的名词从句，可作主语，D中whether or not 后面不是句子。
26. From its innermost core to its corona. The sun has a structure typical of most star of its kind.
* C is wrong. Most +复数名词。
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