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全国职称英语等级考试试题(卫生类)二(1) |
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| 全国职称英语等级考试试题(卫生类)二(1) |
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作者：佚名 文章来源：不详更新时间：2006-5-30 12:49:03  |
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第三部分 阅读理解 (80分)
Passage 1
Most of us lead unhealthy lives: we spend far too much time sitting down. If, in addition, we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become flabby (不结实的) and systems sluggish (缺乏活力的). Then the guilt feelings start: " I must go on a diet", "I must try to lose weight", "I must get more fresh air and exerciser", "I must stop smoking", "I must try to keep fit." There are some aspects of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern urban life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to minimise (减少到最低限度)the effects of these evils.
The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and tennis in the local park, they are outnumbered (超过) a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them. It is an illusion to think that you will get fit by going to watch the football match every Saturday, unless you count the effort required to fight your way throughout the crowds to get to the best seats.
For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive (竞争性的) sports, it is especially difficult to do so if you are not good at them. There are such activities for one person as cycling, walking and swimming. What often happens, though, is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, apart from the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair. Of course you can be very thorough about exercise. Many sports shops now sell frightening pieces of apparatus, chest-expanders and other mysterious gadgets (小装置) of shiny spring steel, which, according to the advertisements, will bring you up to an Olympic standard of fitness, provided that you follow a regular programme of exercises. Such programmes generally involve long periods of time bending these curious bits of metal into improbable shapes.
It all strikes me as utterly boring and also time-consuming. Somebody suggested recently that all such effort was pointless anyway because if you spend half an hour every day jogging round the local park, you will add to your life exactly the number of hours that you wasted doing the "jogging" in the first place. The argument is false even if the facts are correct, out there is no doubt that exercise in itself can be boring.
Even after you have found a routine for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation. Now, this does not mean sleeping in the armchair of going dancing (which is a good form of exercise in itself). It has something to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, worries and so on.
21. If you want to keep fit, you should __________.
○A. go in for not only competitive sports, but also solitary ones
○B. go in for not only sports, but also enjoy your relaxation
○C. not put on too much weight
○D. not spend long hours sitting in your armchair
22. The latter part of the last sentence of Para. 2 ("… unless you count the effort… get to the best seats.") suggests that the author thinks that ________.
○A. fighting your way through crowds is a good exercise
○B. best seats are difficult to secure
○C. being a spectator is not a way to keep fit
○D. getting through crowds is not an easy job
23. Which statement reflects the author’s point of view on solitary sports?
○A. They do not contribute much to your health.
○B. They can be done in a slow way.
○C. They lack a sense of competition.
○D. They can be done at any time and in any place.
24. In Para. 4, the author quotes: "… if you spend half an hour every day jogging round the local park, you will add to your life exactly the number of hours that you wasted doing the ’jogging’ in the first place." He thinks that the statement is _____________.
○A. partially correct
○B. absolutely true
○C. untrue
○D. paradoxical
25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to good health in the article?
○A. Mental and physical relaxation.
○B. Competitive and solitary sports.
○C. Pieces of exercise apparatus.
○D. Mountain climbing of fresh-air breathing.
共5页: 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页
Passage 2
Whether you eat to live or live to eat, food should help keep you well. In our modern world of processed and preserved foods, many nutritionists (营养学家) are suggesting that we can stay healthy with a well-balanced diet of plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables and not too much red meat, salt, or sugar. In fact, eating natural, unprocessed foods that are made from scratch, instead of artificial and junk (假的) foods, may not only keep you healthy, but save your money, too.
To stay healthy, you must also be careful to avoid food poisoning, a common, unpleasant, and often dangerous illness that affects one out of every six Americans each year. Food poisoning is often caused by salmonella bacteria (沙门化菌) in food, especially raw meats and dairy products. Heat usually kills the bacteria, and refrigeration keeps them from growing. So remember to keep hot food hot and cold food cold. Also, be sure to keep your hands and cooking utensils clean so you don’t transfer germs to the food while you are preparing it.
If you use canned food, always check the cans for leaks or puffiness. A puffed can could mean botulism, a fatal type of food poisoning that you cannot see or smell. Never taste any food that you suspect has spoiled. Instead, return any damaged cans or spoiled food to the grocery store, and the manager will refund (归还) your money. When using processed foods, be sure to read all the labels and check the ingredients and the freshness date before you buy or eat the food.
Eating is one of the joys of life. Being careful about what you put in your mouth can keep it that way.
26. According to most nutritionists, a diet of _________ is good for you.
○A. red meat and sweets
○B. artificial and junk foods
○C. fresh fruits and vegetables
○D. processed and preserved foods
27. To stay healthy, one must ___________.
○A. not eat unprocessed meat and dairy products
○B. avoid your hands touching all foods
○C. not taste outdated canned food
○D. heat cold food before eating
28. If a can is puffy, it is suggested in the passage to ___________.
○A. open it and taste a little to check it
○B. throw it away to avoid poisoning other foods
○C. heat it so as to kill the bacteria
○D. return it to its seller for repayment
29. What does "it" in the last paragraph refer to?
○A. Life.
○B. Joy.
○C. Eating.
○D. Food.
30. On the whole, the passage strongly suggests that _________.
○A. natural food is healthier than artificial food
○B. food helps keep one healthy
○C. canned food may be poisoning
○D. one’s poor health is generally a result of food poisoning
共5页: 上一页 [1] 2 [3] [4] [5] 下一页
第四部分 概括大意 (20分)
给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。
31. D
Adults twelve years old and over take two teaspoonfuls as needed, not to exceed fifteen teaspoonfuls per day. Children six years old to twelve years old take half of the adult dosage, not to exceed seven teaspoonfuls per day.
32. W
Do not administer (用药) to children under six years old or to individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or disease, or diabetes. This preparation may cause sleepy. Do not drive or operate machinery while taking this medicine. Chronic (长期的) cough is dangerous. If relief does not occur within three days, discontinue use and consult your physician.
33. E of Information between the Sensory (感观的) Neurons (神经) and the Brain.
The sensory neurons keep the brain informed of what is happening outside and inside the body through a variety of sensory pick - up units called receptors. Some of these, lying at or near the skin surface, may be specially sensitive to tissue damage (causing pain), or light contact (producing a touch sensation), or pressure, or temperature, either hot or cold. Other receptors on the tongue and in the nose respond to light of varying intensities, while receptors respond to color. Receptors in the ear respond to minute vibrations caused by sound waves striking the eardrum. Other receptors are deep in the walls of the intestines; when the intestines contract vigorously because of the presence of uncomfortable food or gas, these receptors transmit signals of pain. Still other receptors lodged in the muscles, fire off signals to the brain any time a muscle contracts or a joint moves or is subjected to added pressure or tension.
34. C of a fever; Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is high than normal. Usually the presence of fever is due to an infection, though there can be many other causes such as malignancies (恶性肿瘤)，brain injuries, poisoning reactions, reactions to vaccines, and diseases involving the central nervous system. Sometimes emotional action can bring on a fever.
35. C of the Stomach; Carcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract. It is one of the leading causes of death.
The disease tends to occur in the age groups over 40, and to this type of cancer males are somewhat more likely than females. In many cases the early stage of growth of [1] [2] 下一页
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