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全国职称英语等级考试试题(理工类)二(1) |
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| 全国职称英语等级考试试题(理工类)二(1) |
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作者：佚名 文章来源：不详更新时间：2006-5-30 12:48:58  |
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第三部分 阅读理解 (80分)
Passage 1
In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. Maybe one of the most profound developments of the last decade is the discovery of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to introduce genetic (遗传学的) material (or genes) from one organism into another. In its simplest form, the technology requires the isolation of a piece of DNA, either directly from the DNA of the organism under study, or artificially synthesized from an DNA. This piece of DNA is then ligated (结扎) to a fragment of bacterial DNA which has the capacity to replicate (复制) itself independently. The recombinant molecule thus produced can be introduced into the common intestinal (内部的) bacterium Escherishchia coli, which can be grown in very large amounts in synthetic media. Under proper conditions, the foreign gene will not only replicate in the bacteria, but also express itself, through the process of transcription and translation, to give rise to large amounts of the specific protein coded by the foreign gene.
The technology has already been successfully applied to the production of several therapeutically (疗法的) important biomolecules, such as, growth hormones, interferon, insulin.
Many other important applications are under detailed investigation in laboratories throughout the world.
21. Recombinant DNA technology consists primarily of ____________.
○A. producing several therapeutically important biomolecules
○B. giving rise to large amounts of protein
○C. introducing genetic material from one organism into another
○D. using a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase
22. Recombinant DNA technology has been used in the production of all of the following biomolecules except ___________.
○A. growth hormones
○B. Escherishchia coli
○C. interferon
○D. insulin
23. Which of the following is not true?
○A. The foreign gene will replicate in the bacteria, but it will not express itself through transcription and translation.
○B. The bacterium Escherishchia coli can be grown in large amounts in synthetic media.
○C. Research continues in an effort to find other uses for this technology.
○D. Recombinant DNA technology is a recent development.
24. Expression of a gene in Escherishchia coli requires ________.
○A. the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase
○B. the processes of transcription and translation
○C. production of insulin and other biomolecules
○D. that the bacteria be grown in a synthetic media
25. The term recombinant is used because ___________.
○A. by ligation, a recombinant molecule is produced, which has the capacity of replication
○B. the technique requires the combination of several types of technology
○C. by ligation, a recombinant protein is produced, part of whose amino acids come from different organism
○D. Escherishchia coli is a recombinant organism
共5页: 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页
Passage 2
Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three - dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now ominous (不祥的) development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate (使隔离) themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature having done very well by the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon (平静的) days no matter what vicissitudes (变化) it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old. Children who have just learned to speak fluently.
26. What does the passage mainly discuss?
○A. The impact of language on mathematics.
○B. Children’s ability to learn languages.
○C. How basic concepts of physics are learned.
○D. Math-learning strategies for babies.
27. According to the passage, which of following activities would teach a baby geometry?
○A. Picking up a wooden block.
○B. Recognizing the number 2.
○C. Uttering a nonsense word.
○D. Looking at distant objects.
28. According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to learn about sets and numbers?
○A. Six months.
○B. Nine months.
○C. Fifteen months.
○D. Eighteen months.
29. The use of the word "ominous" shows that the author believe the child’s _____.
○A. linguistic future is threatened
○B. nerves will deteriorate
○C. hearing will suffer
○D. mathematical ability all decline
30. The passage support which of the following conclusions?
○A. The language concepts used in early education interfere with mathematical reasoning.
○B. It is hopeless to try to teach children mathematics after the age of two.
○C. Language teaching should incorporate some mathematical formulas.
○D. Preschool education should stress society’s beliefs and conventions
共5页: 上一页 [1] 2 [3] [4] [5] 下一页
第四部分 概括大意 (20分)
给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。
31. The Solar E
The sun is the source of most of the heat known to us. As a direct source of heat, the sun maintains life upon this planet, 150 000 000 kilometers distant. It is also an indirect source of heat. Since the earth is derived from the sun, it is the latter that we must trace some of the earth’s internal heat that reveals itself through volcanoes, geysers (喷泉), and hot springs.
32. Insects and Surface T
An insect is not afraid of gravity, but it is in deadly fear of another force of nature. This force is called surface tension (张力). A man coming out of a bath carries with him a film of water about one fiftieth of an inch in thickness. This weights about a pound. A wet mouse has to carry its own weight in water. A wet fly has to lift many times its own weight, and, as everyone knows, a fly once wetted by water or any other liquid is in a very serious position indeed. An insect going for a drink is in as great danger as a man leaning over the edge of a cliff in search of food. If it once falls into the grip of the surface tension of the water - that is to say, gets wet it is likely to remain so until it drowns. A few insects contrive to be unwettable; the majority keep away from their drink by means of long proboscis (喙).
33. T of Boiling Point of Liquids
When the temperature of a liquid is raised enough, the liquid boils. This means that bubbles of vapor, containing millions of molecules form below the surface. In order for such bubbles to be produced, the pressure of the vapor inside them must be equal to the pressure of the air upon the surface of the liquid. If the air pressure is greater, the bubble will collapse. The boiling point of a liquid, then, is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure upon the liquid at the surface.
34. E and Contraction
Solids also expand with increase in temperature and contract when cooled. But they do not behave quite so uniformly (相同地) in this respect as liquids and gases do, particularly in the case of wide variations, in temperature. Most solids expend or contract by a definite amount for every degree of the temperature that rises or falls. The amount by which on substance expands and contracts for one degree is not usually the same as that for a different substance. Thus, for a given rise in temperature, a piece of brass expands at little more than a piece of copper and much more than a piece of steel of the same size.
35. A of Electric Trains
Electric trains have many advantages over those drawn by steam engines. There is no smoke to soil the passengers’ clothes and the cushions in the train. Because they carry no heavy loads of coal and water, these trains can start and stop with less waste of power. In a station they are silent: there’s no steam to produce noise to deafen the passengers.
第五部分 阅读理解 (120分)
Passage 1
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror…the glass in the roof a green house which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.
According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 7oC warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice capes in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food-growing[1] [2] 下一页
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